This speech was made in 1947 by the late King Abdullah who was the present
Jordanian King's great-grandfather.
Summary
This fascinating essay, written by King Hussein's grandfather King Abdullah,
appeared in the United States six months before the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
In the article, King Abdullah disputes the mistaken view that Arab
opposition to Zionism (and later the state of Israel) is because of
longstanding religious or ethnic hatred. He notes that Jews and Muslims
enjoyed a long history of peaceful coexistence in the Middle East, and that
Jews have historically suffered far more at the hands of Christian Europe..
Pointing to the tragedy of the holocaust that Jews suffered during World War
II, the monarch asks why America and Europe are refusing to accept more than
a token handful of Jewish immigrants and refugees. It is unfair, he argues,
to make Palestine, which is innocent of anti-Semitism, pay for the crimes of
Europe. King Abdullah also asks how Jews can claim a historic right to
Palestine, when Arabs have been the overwhelming majority there for nearly
1300 uninterrupted years? The essay ends on an ominous note, warning of dire
consequences if a peaceful solution cannot be found to protect the rights of
the indigenous Arabs of Palestine.
*************************************************************************
"As the Arabs see the Jews"
His Majesty King Abdullah,
The American Magazine
November, 1947
I am especially delighted to address an American audience, for the tragic
problem of Palestine will never be solved without American understanding,
American sympathy, American support.
So many billions of words have been written about Palestine-perhaps more
than on any other subject in history-that I hesitate to add to them. Yet I
am compelled to do so, for I am reluctantly convinced that the world in
general, and America in particular, knows almost nothing of the true case
for the Arabs.
We Arabs follow, perhaps far more than you think, the press of America. We
are frankly disturbed to find that for every word printed on the Arab side,
a thousand are printed on the Zionist side.
There are many reasons for this. You have many millions of Jewish citizens
interested in this question. They are highly vocal and wise in the ways of
publicity. There are few Arab citizens in America, and we are as yet
unskilled in the technique of modern propaganda.
The results have been alarming for us. In your press we see a horrible
caricature and are told it is our true portrait. In all justice, we cannot
let this pass by default.
Our case is quite simple: For nearly 2,000 years Palestine has been almost
100 per cent Arab. It is still preponderantly Arab today, in spite of
enormous Jewish immigration. But if this immigration continues we shall soon
be outnumbered-a minority in our home.
Palestine is a small and very poor country, about the size of your state of
Vermont. Its Arab population is only about 1,200,000. Already we have had
forced on us, against our will, some 600,000 Zionist Jews. We are threatened
with many hundreds of thousands more.
Our position is so simple and natural that we are amazed it should
even be questioned. It is exactly the same position you in America take
in regard to the unhappy European Jews. You are sorry for them, but
you do NOT WANT them in your country.
We do not want them in ours, either. Not because they are Jews, but because
they are foreigners. We would not want hundreds of thousands of foreigners
in our country, be they Englishmen or Norwegians or Brazilians or whatever.
Think for a moment: In the last 25 years we have had one third of our entire
population forced upon us. In America that would be the equivalent of
45,000,000 complete strangers admitted to your country, over your violent
protest, since 1921. How would you have reacted to that?
Because of our perfectly natural dislike of being overwhelmed in our own
homeland, we are called blind nationalists and heartless anti-Semites. This
charge would be ludicrous were it not so dangerous.
No people on earth have been less "anti-Semitic" than the Arabs. The
persecution of the Jews has been confined almost entirely to the
Christian nations of the West. Jews, themselves, will admit that never since
the Great Dispersion did Jews develop so freely and reach such importance
as in Spain when it was an Arab possession. With very minor exceptions,
Jews have lived, for many centuries in the Middle East, in complete peace
and friendliness with their Arab neighbours.
Damascus, Baghdad, Beirut and other Arab centres have always contained large
and prosperous Jewish colonies. Until the Zionist invasion of Palestine
began, these Jews received the most generous treatment-far, far better
than in Christian Europe. Now, unhappily, for the first time in history, these
Jews are beginning to feel the effects of Arab resistance to the Zionist
assault.. Most of them are as anxious as Arabs to stop it. Most of these
Jews who have found happy homes among us resent, as we do, the coming of
these strangers.
I was puzzled for a long time about the odd belief which apparently persists
in America that Palestine has somehow "always been a Jewish land." Recently
an American I talked to cleared up this mystery. He pointed out that the
only things most Americans know about Palestine are what they read in the
Bible. It was a Jewish land in those days, they reason, and they assume it
has always remained so.
Nothing could be farther from the truth. It is absurd to reach so far back
into the mists of history to argue about who should have Palestine today,
and I apologise for it. Yet the Jews do this, and I must reply to their
"historic claim." I wonder if the world has ever seen a stranger sight than
a group of people seriously pretending to claim a land because their
ancestors lived there some 2,000 years ago!
If you suggest that I am biased, I invite you to read any sound history of
the period and verify the facts.
Such fragmentary records as we have indicate that the Jews were wandering
nomads from Iraq who moved to southern Turkey, came south to Palestine,
stayed there a short time, and then passed to Egypt, where they remained
about 400 years. About 1300 BC (according to your calendar) they left Egypt
and gradually conquered most-but not all-of the inhabitants of Palestine.
It is significant that the Philistines-not the Jews-gave their name to the
country: "Palestine" is merely the Greek form of "Philistia."
Only once, during the empire of David and Solomon, did the Jews ever control
nearly-but not all-the land which is today Palestine. This empire lasted
only 70 years, ending in 926 BC. Only 250 years later the Kingdom of Judah
had shrunk to a small province around Jerusalem, barely a quarter of modern
Palestine.
In 63 BC the Jews were conquered by Roman Pompey, and never again had
even the vestige of independence. The Roman Emperor Hadrian finally wiped
them out about 135 AD. He utterly destroyed Jerusalem, rebuilt under another
name, and for hundreds of years no Jew was permitted to enter it. A handful
of Jews remained in Palestine but the vast majority were killed or scattered
to other countries, in the Diaspora, or the Great Dispersion. From that time
Palestine ceased to be a Jewish country, in any conceivable sense.
This was 1,815 years ago, and yet the Jews solemnly pretend they still own
Palestine! If such fantasy were allowed, how the map of the world would
dance about!
Italians might claim England, which the Romans held so long. England might
claim France, "homeland" of the conquering Normans. And the French Normans
might claim Norway, where their ancestors originated. And incidentally, we
Arabs might claim Spain, which we held for 700 years.
Many Mexicans might claim Spain, "homeland" of their forefathers. They might
even claim Texas, which was Mexican until 100 years ago. And suppose the
American Indians claimed the "homeland" of which they were the sole, native,
and ancient occupants until only some 450 years ago!
I am not being facetious. All these claims are just as valid-or just as
fantastic-as the Jewish "historic connection" with Palestine. Most are more
valid.
In any event, the great Moslem expansion about 650 AD finally settled
things. It dominated Palestine completely. From that day on, Palestine was
solidly Arabic in population, language, and religion. When British armies
entered the country during the last war, they found 500,000 Arabs and only
65,000 Jews.
If solid, uninterrupted Arab occupation for nearly 1,300 years does not
make a country "Arab", what does?
The Jews say, and rightly, that Palestine is the home of their religion. It
is likewise the birthplace of Christianity, but would any Christian nation
claim it on that account? In passing, let me say that the Christian
Arabs-and there are many hundreds of thousands of them in the Arab World-are
in absolute agreement with all other Arabs in opposing the Zionist invasion
of Palestine.
May I also point out that Jerusalem is, after Mecca and Medina, the holiest
place in Islam. In fact, in the early days of our religion, Moslems prayed
toward Jerusalem instead of Mecca.
The Jewish "religious claim" to Palestine is as absurd as the "historic
claim." The Holy Places, sacred to three great religions, must be open to
all, the monopoly of none. Let us not confuse religion and politics.
We are told that we are inhumane and heartless because do not accept
with open arms the perhaps 200,000 Jews in Europe who suffered so
frightfully under Nazi cruelty, and who even now-almost three years
after war's end-still languish in cold, depressing camps.
Let me underline several facts. The unimaginable persecution of the Jews
was not done by the Arabs: it was done by a Christian nation in the West.
The war which ruined Europe and made it almost impossible for these
Jews to rehabilitate themselves was fought by the Christian nations of
the West.. The rich and empty portions of the earth belong, not to the Arabs,
but to the Christian nations of the West.
And yet, to ease their consciences, these Christian nations of the West
are asking Palestine-a poor and tiny Moslem country of the East-to
accept the entire burden. "We have hurt these people terribly," cries the
West to the East. "Won't you please take care of them for us?"
We find neither logic nor justice in this. Are we therefore "cruel and
heartless nationalists"?
We are a generous people: we are proud that "Arab hospitality" is a phrase
famous throughout the world. We are a humane people: no one was shocked
more than we by the Hitlerite terror. No one pities the present plight of the
desperate European Jews more than we.
But we say that Palestine has already sheltered 600,000 refugees. We
believe that is enough to expect of us-even too much. We believe it is now
the turn of the rest of the world to accept some of them.
I will be entirely frank with you. There is one thing the Arab world simply
cannot understand. Of all the nations of the earth, America is most
insistent that something be done for these suffering Jews of Europe. This
feeling does credit to the humanity for which America is famous, and to that
glorious inscription on your Statue of Liberty.
And yet this same America-the richest, greatest, most powerful nation
the world has ever known-refuses to accept more than a token handful
of these same Jews herself!
I hope you will not think I am being bitter about this. I have tried hard to
understand that mysterious paradox, and I confess I cannot. Nor can any
other Arab.
Perhaps you have been informed that "the Jews in Europe want to go to no
other place except Palestine."
This myth is one of the greatest propaganda triumphs of the Jewish Agency
for Palestine, the organisation which promotes with fanatic zeal the
emigration to Palestine. It is a subtle half-truth, thus doubly dangerous.
The astounding truth is that nobody on earth really knows where these
unfortunate Jews really want to go!
You would think that in so grave a problem, the American, British, and other
authorities responsible for the European Jews would have made a very careful
survey, probably by vote, to find out where each Jew actually wants to go.
Amazingly enough this has never been done! The Jewish Agency has prevented
it.
Some time ago the American Military Governor in Germany was asked at a press
conference how he was so certain that all Jews there wanted to go to
Palestine. His answer was simple: "My Jewish advisors tell me so." He
admitted no poll had ever been made. Preparations were indeed begun for one,
but the Jewish Agency stepped in to stop it.
The truth is that the Jews in German camps are now subjected to a Zionist
pressure campaign which learned much from the Nazi terror. It is dangerous
for a Jew to say that he would rather go to some other country, not
Palestine. Such dissenters have been severely beaten, and worse.
Not long ago, in Palestine, nearly 1,000 Austrian Jews informed the
international refugee organisation that they would like to go back to
Austria, and plans were made to repatriate them.
The Jewish Agency heard of this, and exerted enough political pressure to
stop it. It would be bad propaganda for Zionism if Jews began leaving
Palestine. The nearly 1,000 Austrian are still there, against their will.
The fact is that most of the European Jews are Western in culture and
outlook, entirely urban in experience and habits. They cannot really have
their hearts set on becoming pioneers in the barren, arid, cramped land
which is Palestine.
One thing, however, is undoubtedly true. As matters stand now, most refugee
Jews in Europe would, indeed, vote for Palestine, simply because they know
no other country will have them.
If you or I were given a choice between a near-prison camp for the rest of
our lives-or Palestine-we would both choose Palestine, too.
But open up any other alternative to them-give them any other choice, and
see what happens!
No poll, however, will be worth anything unless the nations of the earth are
willing to open their doors-just a little-to the Jews. In other words, if in
such a poll a Jew says he wants to go to Sweden, Sweden must be willing to
accept him. If he votes for America, you must let him come in.
Any other kind of poll would be a farce. For the desperate Jew, this is no
idle testing of opinion: this is a grave matter of life or death. Unless he
is absolutely sure that his vote means something, he will always vote for
Palestine, so as not to risk his bird in the hand for one in the bush.
In any event, Palestine can accept no more. The 65,000 Jews in Palestine in
1918 have jumped to 600,000 today. We Arabs have increased, too, but not
by immigration. The Jews were then a mere 11 per cent of our population..
Today they are one third of it.
The rate of increase has been terrifying. In a few more years-unless stopped
now-it will overwhelm us, and we shall be an important minority in our own
home.
Surely the rest of the wide world is rich enough and generous enough to
find a place for 200,000 Jews-about one third the number that tiny, poor
Palestine has already sheltered. For the rest of the world, it is hardly a
drop in the bucket. For us it means national suicide.
We are sometimes told that since the Jews came to Palestine, the Arab
standard of living has improved. This is a most complicated question. But
let us even assume, for the argument, that it is true. We would rather be a
bit poorer, and masters of our own home. Is this unnatural?
The sorry story of the so-called "Balfour Declaration," which started
Zionist immigration into Palestine, is too complicated to repeat here in
detail. It is grounded in broken promises to the Arabs-promises made in cold
print which admit no denying.
We utterly deny its validity. We utterly deny the right of Great Britain to
give away Arab land for a "national home" for an entirely foreign people.
Even the League of Nations sanction does not alter this. At the time, not a
single Arab state was a member of the League. We were not allowed to say
a word in our own defense.
I must point out, again in friendly frankness, that America was nearly as
responsible as Britain for this Balfour Declaration. President Wilson
approved it before it was issued, and the American Congress adopted it word
for word in a joint resolution on 30th June, 1922.
In the 1920s, Arabs were annoyed and insulted by Zionist immigration, but
not alarmed by it. It was steady, but fairly small, as even the Zionist
founders thought it would remain. Indeed for some years, more Jews left
Palestine than entered it-in 1927 almost twice as many.
But two new factors, entirely unforeseen by Britain or the League or America
or the most fervent Zionist, arose in the early thirties to raise the
immigration to undreamed heights. One was the World Depression; the
second, the rise of Hitler.
In 1932, the year before Hitler came to power, only 9,500 Jews came to
Palestine. We did not welcome them, but we were not afraid that, at that
rate, our solid Arab majority would ever be in danger.
But the next year-the year of Hitler-it jumped to 30,000! In 1934 it was
42,000! In 1935 it reached 61,000!
It was no longer the orderly arrival of idealist Zionists. Rather, all Europe was
pouring its frightened Jews upon us. Then, at last, we, too, became frightened.
We knew that unless this enormous influx stopped, we were, as Arabs,
doomed in our Palestine homeland. And we have not changed our minds.
I have the impression that many Americans believe the trouble in Palestine
is very remote from them, that America had little to do with it, and that
your only interest now is that of a humane bystander.
I believe that you do not realise how directly you are, as a nation, responsible
in general for the whole Zionist move and specifically for the present
terrorism. I call this to your attention because I am certain that if you realise
your responsibility you will act fairly to admit it and assume it.
Quite aside from official American support for the "National Home" of the
Balfour Declaration, the Zionist settlements in Palestine would have been
almost impossible, on anything like the current scale, without American
money. This was contributed by American Jewry in an idealistic effort to
help their fellows.
The motive was worthy: the result were disastrous. The contributions were by
private individuals, but they were almost entirely Americans, and, as a
nation, only America can answer for it.
The present catastrophe may be laid almost entirely at your door. Your
government, almost alone in the world, is insisting on the immediate
admission of 100,000 more Jews into Palestine-to be followed by countless
additional ones. This will have the most frightful consequences in bloody
chaos beyond anything ever hinted at in Palestine before.
It is your press and political leadership, almost alone in the world, who
press this demand. It is almost entirely American money which hires or
buys the "refugee ships" that steam illegally toward Palestine: American
money which pays their crews. The illegal immigration from Europe is
arranged by the Jewish Agency, supported almost entirely by American
Funds. It is American dollars which support the terrorists, which buy the
bullets and pistols that kill British soldiers-your allies-and Arab citizens
-your friends.
We in the Arab world were stunned to hear that you permit open
advertisements in newspapers asking for money to finance these terrorists,
to arm them openly and deliberately for murder. We could not believe this
could really happen in the modern world. Now we must believe it: we have
seen the advertisements with our own eyes.
I point out these things because nothing less than complete frankness will be
of use. The crisis is too stark for mere polite vagueness which means nothing.
I have the most complete confidence in the fair-mindedness and generosity of
the American public. We Arabs ask no favours. We ask only that you know the
full truth, not half of it. We ask only that when you judge the Palestine
question, you put yourselves in our place.
What would your answer be if some outside agency told you that you must
accept in America many millions of utter strangers in your midst-enough to
dominate your country-merely because they insisted on going to America,
and because their forefathers had once lived there some 2,000 years ago?
Our answer is the same.
And what would be your action if, in spite of your refusal, this outside
agency began forcing them on you?
Ours will be the same.
